Also: New guidelines for sleep apnea; Don't fall for these skin myths.

August 14, 2014 August 14, 2014 Daily skin care in 3 simple steps A widely-advertised facial moisturizer claims to be the best on the market — and sells for $225 per bottle. Should you buy it? Another brand offers a complete skin care regimen — but it comes in 10 different bottles of lotions and potions that all need to be applied daily. Is it worth your time? Despite manufacturers’ claims, many cosmetic products will remove more cash from your wallet than dirt and oils from your skin. You don’t need an expensive or lengthy skin care routine — and the good news is, the most effective and reliable regimen is also quick and inexpensive. Get your copy of Skin Care and Repair Where can you get authoritative advice on skin care? There's plenty of advice out there on TV and the Internet and in the aisles of stores peddling skin care products. Despite the abundance of products and procedures available, there are actually only a few that have good scientific evidence behind them. This report, Skin Care and Repair , describes the most effective skin treatments and procedures for both common medical conditions like acne and rosacea, and common cosmetic problems like wrinkles and age spots. The most current medical and cosmetic treatments and procedures are described, as are the most effective topical lotions, fillers, and other applications. For daily skin care, you can limit your routine to three simple steps: cleaning your skin, protecting it from the sun, and tending to any specific skin problems you may have, such as dry skin, acne, or fine lines and wrinkles. Products for all three steps are available for very little cost at your local drugstore. 1. Clean your skin. Choose your skin cleanser based on whether your skin is dry or oily. If you have dry skin, choose a mild cleaning agent (such as Dove, Cetaphil, or Aveeno soaps or cleansers) and avoid products such as toners, which contain alcohol. For oily skin, choose a soap that removes the oil and clean your skin more frequently throughout the day. 2. Protect your skin from the sun. Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher and wear it every day. Higher SPFs are useful if you plan to spend hours outdoors, but if you spend most of your time indoors, SPF 30 is generally sufficient. If you have sensitive skin, choose a sunscreen product designed for sensitive skin. 3. Treat your skin’s particular needs. For dry skin, there are plenty of effective and inexpensive moisturizers. If you want to try a product that moderately reduces lines and wrinkles or fades brown spots, a variety of products that you can apply daily are available. For more advice on caring for your skin and keeping it healthy, buy Skin Care and Repair, a Special Health Report from Harvard Medical School. Share this story: News and Views from the Harvard Health Blog Guidelines recommend sleep test for obstructive sleep apnea New guidelines from the American College of Physicians recommend an overnight sleep test to diagnose, or rule out, obstructive sleep apnea for individuals with unexplained daytime sleepiness. Don’t fall for these skin myths Think you know a lot about skin and skin care? You might be surprised at how much “common knowledge” about how to keep your skin clear and healthy is simply not true. Here, we debunk 10 common myths about skin. 1. The right skin cream can keep your skin looking young. There are hundreds of skin treatments that claim to help you look younger or slow the aging process. For reducing wrinkles, the topical treatment with the best evidence behind it is retinoic acid (as in Retin-A). Many over-the-counter products contain retinoic acid as well, but it’s difficult to say if one is better than another. But the best ways to keep wrinkles at bay are using sunscreen and not smoking. 2. Antibacterial soap is best for keeping your skin clean. Skin normally has bacteria on it. It’s impossible to keep your skin completely free of bacteria for any amount of time. In fact, many experts are concerned that the use of antibacterial soap could lead to more antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibacterial soap is not necessary for everyday use. Regular soap is fine. Thorough and consistent hand-washing, not antibacterial soap, is what helps prevent the spread of infection. 3. Eating chocolate or oily foods causes oily skin and acne. The truth is that an oily substance called sebum causes acne. It’s made and secreted by the skin. In fact, there’s no evidence that any specific food causes acne. 4. Tanning is bad for you. Spending an excessive amount of time in the sun or in a tanning booth can increase skin cancer risk, especially if sunscreen is not used. Skin cancer risk is correlated with total lifetime sun exposure and frequency of sunburns. Excessive tanning can also damage skin, causing it to wrinkle and age prematurely. But developing a light or gradual tan through repeated, but careful, sun exposure isn’t dangerous. As long as you’re taking precautions — such as using a sunscreen of at least SPF 30, applying it thoroughly and reapplying when necessary, and avoiding peak sun exposure times — a light tan with no burning isn’t a warning sign. 5. Tanning is good for you. People often associate a dark tan with the glow of good health. But there’s no evidence that tan people are healthier than paler people. Sun exposure does have a health benefit, though. Sunlight activates vitamin D in the skin. Vitamin D helps keep bones strong, and may also lower the risk of certain cancers and boost immune function. Depending on how much vitamin D you’re getting in your diet, a lack of sun exposure could increase your risk of vitamin D deficiency. 6. The higher the SPF of your sunscreen, the better. Above a certain level, a higher sun protection factor (SPF) has little added benefit compared with a lower SPF. Experts generally recommend using sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, which blocks out 97% of UVB radiation. It may be worth a higher SPF if you’re planning to be outside for more than two to three hours, especially during hours of peak sun exposure (10 a.m. to 2 p.m.). But in most circumstances, a higher SPF may not be worth the extra cost. 7. A scar that is barely noticeable is the mark of a good surgeon. The true skill of a surgeon is demonstrated by what he or she does between making and closing the incision. While surgeons routinely pay more attention to incisions on the face (using thinner suture, making stitches closer together, or avoiding the use of sutures altogether if possible), the appearance of a scar tells you little about the skill of your surgeon. 8. Vitamin E will make scars fade. There’s little evidence to support this claim. Talk to your surgeon or dermatologist if you have concerns about the appearance of a scar. There are many options for improving the appearance of scars, including laser treatments. 9. Crossing your legs causes varicose veins. There are a number of risk factors for varicose veins, but crossing your legs is not one of them. Heredity is one of the most important — an estimated 80% of people with varicose veins have a parent with the same condition. Other things that make a person prone to varicose veins include smoking, inactivity, high blood pressure, pregnancy, obesity, and having a job that requires prolonged standing. If you already have varicose veins, elevating your legs and using compression stockings may be helpful. But keeping your legs “uncrossed” won’t prevent or improve the condition. 10. Scalp massage can prevent baldness. There’s simply no evidence that scalp massage prevents baldness, tempting as it is to believe. If you see something unusual on your skin or have concerns about how to keep your skin healthy, talk to your doctor or dermatologist. And if you hear someone repeating these skin myths, you can set them straight. For more advice on caring for your skin and keeping it healthy, buy Skin Care and Repair, a Special Health Report from Harvard Medical School. Share this story: Featured in this issue Skin Care and Repair Featured content: • Skin: The basics • Skin and the aging process • Common skin conditions • Skin cancer • SPECIAL SECTION: Protecting your skin •  ... and more! Click here to read more » Harvard Medical School offers special reports on over 50 health topics. 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